华博译翻译公司

    医学英语着重描写的是事物的过程,不是动作的执行者,而且被动结构能给读者以客观、不带个人感情色彩的印象,所以被动句在医学文献中应用很广。翻译时不能一概沿用原文的句式结构,通常要将被动语态转化为主动结构,用规范的汉语表达方式,忠实而恰当地反映出原作的真实含义。深圳翻译公司华博译认为英语被动句，可有以下几种译法:

    1　保留被动句的主语,把被动谓语译为主动谓语
    例一:Children a re more often afflicted than adults, and epidemics in schools and institutions are commonly observed.译文:儿童比成年人更易患病,在学校和福利院常可见此病流行。
    例二: A t least five million Americans are being treated for diabetes, and another five million will develop it sometime in their lives.译文:至少五百万美国人正在接受糖尿病的治疗,而还有五百万人在他们的一生中迟早会患此病。

    2　把被动语态的主语译为宾语,即汉语的无主语句
    例一:Much has been learnt about their clinical features, course and prognosis.译文:关于其临床特征,病程及预后,已知甚详。
    例二 : This method is preferred in a patient with a bleeding tendency since the periphery of a cauterized area may begin to bleed. 译文 : 由于烧灼区周围还可能再出血,对有出血倾向的患者宜用此法。

    3 　补出一合适的主语,把原句的主语译为宾语
    例一 : In this investigation, thirty adolescent and young adults were interviewed between eight and twenty years after they had attended a children’s hospital with the main complaint of recurrent abdominal pain. 译文 : 在本次调查中,作者访问了 30 名出院已 8～20 年的少年及青年,他们都曾因反复 腹痛住过儿童医院。
    例二 : It has long been known that adequate amounts of ascorbate are essential for the proper healing of wounds and to enhance the defensive mechanisms against bacterial infection. 译文 : 很久 以来人们就已知道适量的抗坏血酸盐对创伤的充分 愈合和对增强细菌感染的防御机制是极为必要的。

    4 　把 by 、with 或其它介词引导的状语译成主语,
    原主语译成宾语
    例一 : Prevention of such disease as diphtheria, smallpox, poliomyelitis and measles has been accomplished by active immunization.译文:主动免疫使像白喉、天花、小儿麻痹和麻疹这样的病得以预防。
    例二: Pain may be treated with drugs, physical measures or surgery.译文:药物、物理疗法或外科手术可以治疗疼痛。

    5     按原文被动语态顺着译,不加任何词
    例一 : This term was used to include all the diseases of the lungs due to the inhalation of various kinds of dust.译文:这个术语被用来指所有由于吸入各种尘埃而引起的肺部疾病。
    例二 : A patient was not considered to be afebrile until all temperatures recorded sequentially for 48 hours were less than 37.2℃.译文:48小时内体温连续记录低于37.2℃时,病人才被认为无发热。

    6 　将“形式主语 It + 被动结构 + that 从句”译为 “据 ⋯⋯”“、众所周知”等
    例一 : It has been reported that electrical stimulation of this region in animals induces sleep.
    译文 : 据报告,电刺激动物这一部位会引起睡 眠。
    例二 : It is well known that disease might be communicated from one individual to another.
    译文:众所周知,疾病可由一个人传给另一个人。

    综上所述,翻译医学论著时,只有透彻、准确地领会原作的含义,才能找到能准确、完整表达英语内容的汉语词汇,使译文晓畅达意,合情合理。在整个翻译过程中,切忌望文生义,自始至终要遵循“信”、“达”的准则。要做到这样,译者不但要有扎实的英语基础,还需学习、了解一定的医学专业知识,熟悉常用医学术语的汉语表达法、汉英搭配关系及运用规律,这对做好医学文献的翻译工作是不可或缺的。



    本文出自深圳市华博译翻译有限公司漆经理