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Comparison of wide-band inertial line of sight stabilization reference mechanizations
宽频带惯性视轴稳定参考机械化比较
ABSTRACT：One subsystem critical to the performance of a precision electro-optical line-of-sight (LOS) pointing system isa wide-band inertial stabilization reference.This paper compares, in terms of relative performance of LOSstabilization in the presence of vehicle jitter, three inertial LOS stabilization reference mechanizations for space-basedoptical systems. The three mechanizations are: an inertially stabilized platform, the Inertial Pseudo-Star ReferenceUnit (IPSRU) under development at Draper Laboratory; a device called the Optical Reference Gyro (ORG), alsodeveloped at Draper Laboratory; and a strapdown wide-band inertial sensor assembly. Each of the three stabilizationreference mechanizations generates a collimated alignment beam that is injected into the entrance aperture of theoptical system.
摘要：对于电-光视轴（LOS）瞄准系统精度性能而言，宽频带惯性稳定参考是一个至关重要的子系统。本论文从存在飞行器抖动情况下LOS稳定的相对性能方面，比较了天基光学系统三种惯性LOS稳定参考机械化。这三种机械化分别为：由德雷帕实验室开发的一种惯性稳定平台，即惯性伪星参考装置（IPSRU）；同样由德雷帕实验室开发的光学参考陀螺仪（ORG）设备；以及捷联宽频带惯性传感器组件。这三种稳定参考机械均能生成注入光学系统入口孔径的准直校准光束。
In the stabilized platform mechanization, the alignment beam emanates from a platform inertially stabilizedfrom vehicle jitter in two axes, and thus the alignment beam becomes a jitter-stabilized pseudo-star. An alignmentloop closed around the pseudo-star image and a steering mirror in the optical path stabilizes the LOS against vehiclejitter. The ORG alignment beam projects from the gyro rotor, which is decoupled from case motion and is effectivelyinertially stabilized. The ORG spin-speed noise is compensated with phase-lock technology. In the strapdownmechanization, the alignment beam source is hard-mounted to the vehicle. Inertial measurement of the local vehiclemotion is fed forward, open loop, to a steering mirror in the optical path to compensate for alignment beam jitter.
在稳定的平台机械中，校准光束从对两条轴上的飞行器抖动进行惯性稳定的平台上发出，因此该校准光束构成抖动-稳定伪星。靠近伪星图像和光程中控制反射镜的校准环负责在飞行器发生抖动时稳定LOS。ORG校准光束发射自陀螺转子，并通过壳体运动进行去耦，有效地实现惯性稳定。ORG旋转-速度噪声利用锁相技术加以抵消。在捷联机械化中，校准光束源硬挂载到飞行器上。局部飞行器运动的惯性测量值通过开环前向反馈至光程中的控制反射镜，以抵消校准光束抖动。
INTRODUCTION：Many space-based camera and optical pointing and tracking systems require their line of sight (LOS) to beinertially stabilized in the presence of vibration or jitter of the optical payload. Payload jitter, for example, caused byon-board sources such as power, cooling, and attitude control systems and others, results in image smear on the focalplane in camera systems and dispersion in target pointing systems. The goal of inertial stabilization is to stabilize theeffective LOS of the optical payload in the presence of vibration.
引言：在光学有效载荷出现颤动或抖动的情况下，许多天基摄像机以及光学瞄准与跟踪系统需要其视轴（LOS）实现惯性稳定。例如，由电源、冷却和姿态控制系统及其他搭载源造成的有效载荷抖动，会导致摄像机系统焦平面产生影像模糊以及目标瞄准系统弥散。惯性稳定的目标是在发生抖动时稳定光学有效载荷的有效LOS。
Fundamental to inertial LOS stabilization is an inertial reference measurement subsystem. Following a generaldiscussion comparing stabilized and strapdown inertial references, this paper presents three special inertial referencemechanizations designed for LOS stabilization. Each of these inertial references provides optical signals or combinedoptical and electrical signals that indicate the inertial attitude of the LOS. These inertial measurement signals are usedto drive a fast steering mirror (FSM) in the LOS path such that the LOS can be inertially pointed and compensated for payload jitter.
惯性参考测量子系统是惯性LOS稳定的基础。在对比稳定与捷联惯性参考的一般性讨论之后，本论文提出了三种专为实现LOS稳定而设计的特殊惯性参考机械。这三种惯性参考均提供了用于标示LOS惯性姿态的光学信号或光电综合信号。这些惯性测量信号用于驱动LOS光程中的快速控制反射镜（FSM），以便LOS能够实现惯性瞄准，并抵消有效载荷抖动。